Hob having side-tooth inserts



May 20,1924. 1,495,067

G. W, CONKLIN HOB HAVING SIDE TOOTH INSERTS v Filedpec. 22l 1922 s sheets-shed 1 Il O ' 4Ma), zo, 1924; A 1,495,067

G. W. CONKLIN nos HAVING'SIDE TOOTH INSERTS Filed Dec. 22v 1922 :5 SheezS-Sheet 2 wuentofc @www s@ www@ Www/m G. CONKLIN HOB HAVING SIDE TOOTH INsR'rs4 May zo, 1924.

Filed Dec. 224 '1922 3 Sheets-Sheet y.'5

I 'gclnvantoz Patented Mey 2o, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT-formes. i

GEORGE CIONKLIN'. 0F SHELTON, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNO'R T0 0. vK. TOOL COM- PANY, OF SHELTON, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

Hon-HAVING sInEfToofrn INsERTs.

Application mea December 22', 1922. serial Ne. 608,501.

To all whom it may concer-n.'

Be 4it known that I, GEORGE W. CONKLIN,

a citizen of the United States, and resid-- ing at Shelton, in the county of Fairfield and State 4of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved I-Iob Having Side- Tooth Inserts, of which the following speci? fication is a full-disclosure.

- This invention deals with rotatable cutters for metal, and is of special utility when embodied in the structure of a rotary metal-cutter having an extended series of 'helicoidal convolutions, Whether these convolutions are truly helical in form, or more in the nature of an extended spiral, or are otherwise of helicoidal form.

Such helicoidal cutters are formed in gen- 'eral from integral blanksof metal, and if one or more of thel convolutions is seriously damaged by accident, or under stress of the work to be performed, it is often necessary to discard the entire cutter, or perform extensive repairs, with an incidental expense and loss of time which have been found unavoidable heretofore. An additional disadvantage of such helicoidal cutl tionotaconvolution of the helicoidal structers has been the practical impossibility of' providing insert-teeth or spaced cuttingbits upon the side-faces of the circumferential base convolutions which characterizel many types of helicoidal cutters, in the ef- ,fort to utilize for the cutting-portions a harder metal than it is desirable to employ for the body-portion of the cutter in accordance with modern development of the inserted-tooth type of rotary metal-cutter. This disadvantage is due to the confined nature of the spaces between the base convolutions, which afford very inadequate room for operation of the tools required ,to install spaced cutting teeth of the insert type, and the use of such insert-teeth has therefore been limited to the periphery of such helicoidal cutters. y

Accordingly, the primary object of my present invention. is to produce a rotary metal-cutter of helicoidal form comprisinga plurality of sections assembled end to end to constitute a unitary operating struc.- "'ture'of considerable extent, each section being provided with a cutting member, or

series of cutting members, operating as porture, WhetherA the. convolutions be truly helical, or spiral, or of a'contour generally helicoidal, which latterv ex ression I use hereinafter, for the sake o brevity, without limited technical significance, to' designate the operating convolutions of a rotary metal-cutter having a series of convolutions, Whatever the specific contour of the convolutions mayl be. Any of these sections c anbe removed readily for repairs, or replaced by a substitute sectio-n,'witl1 a minimum expenditure of time, and thus .I obviate the necessity for discarding the entire cutter, and eliminate much of the expense ofrepairs,lwhich can 'be more readily made on the separated sections than upon `an extended structure. i i

A cognate object of mylinvention is to provide such a helicoidal metal-cutter With the convolutions, or part convolutions, on the respective sections, arranged in inter-- locking relation to form ,a'plurality of continuous' convolutions which Will respectively aid each other to withstand the stress of Work, regardless of the means which may be adopted to securel, the sections in Aassembled relation.

A further object of particular importance is to construct the convolutions so formed as the base `for a lplurality of spaced cutting-bits of the insert type, ina plurality of-series, of which one series is arranged Vupon the periphery of the base -convolutions, lthe remalning series being arranged upon the slde faces ofthe baseconvolutions.

preferably in staggered relation, in accordance With the invention described and claimed generically in my co-pending aplication for United States Letters Patent,

. erial No. 597,636, or in such fashion as 1 may be' required by the exigencies of particular installations in any type of helicoidal rotary metal cutter. My invention is of special utility when embodied in a helicoidal *met'al-cuttei` in the nature of a hob, but I contemplate the use of my improvements in any field for which they are adapted 'by their nature.

Other objects and advantages Will be: in

'part indicated in the following description and in part rendered apparent therefromin connection with the ann xed drawings,

To enable others `ski ledV in vthe art so fully to apprehend the underlying features hereof that they may embody the same in the various ways contemplated by this -invention, drawings depicting aV preferred typical construction have been annexed as a part of this disclosure and, 1n such drawings, -like lcharacters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of which't. v

Figzl is' a perspective of a rotary metalcutter in the nature of a hob and which em bodies characteristics of this invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the said cutter. Fig. 3 `is a diametral section taken through the axis of a partially finished cutter showing more clearly the formation of the base andthe mounting of the cuttingbits thereon. Fig. 4.- is a fragmentary sec-- tion showing how the cutting-bits are assembled on the periphery of the base. Fig. 5 shows inperspective one of the isolated cutting-bits with its isolated Wedge-block and the isolated screw for retaining the Wedge-block in place.

In the illustrated embodiment of the in vention, the rotary metal-cutter in the nature of a hob assumes in general the helical form characteristic of many hobs and, kin accordance with my invention, is shown as composedof sections A, A and A2, which characters designate the central or hub-portions of the respective sections, while the reference'characters a, a', and a24 designate corresponding sections of a circumferential base member projecting in convolutions from the respective hubs A, A and Af.

I prefer to compose the hubs and basesections of tough steel and to provide each hub-portion With key-Ways 2 radiating from its center-bore 3, and keys 2, secured by screws 3a in the key-Ways to prevent r'elative rotation of the sections when assembled as shown in Figs. l and 2.

The sections are preferably secured in assembled relation by suitable means such as thebolts 3b passing through bores 3C therein parallel with the axis of the cutter, in order to constitute the assembled sections a unitary structure operable, as such, in accordance with my invention, and the sections will yconvolution being shown at preferably have the usual key-Way 3d to permit the hob to be secured upon its operating shaft.

In the form of hob illustrated, the base hub` A has formed thereupon a' cricumferential base portion a constituting one complete covolution of a helix/one end of the .(1.3 in Fig. 1 While the other end of the convolution -is indicated at a, this-being the preferred form of structure in a helical hob although I vcontemplate the provision of a base poriortiJ Aof any convenientl circumferential exen `In the instance illustrated, the hub section AfJhas a Ihelical'base member a of similar arrangement and extent, and the parts are so assembled thatthe terminus a of the base convolution a is in. abutting relation upon with theterminus a4 of .the base convolution a, and similarly the basec'onvolution L2 of the section A2 corresponds with the base convolutions alreadyv described, abutting at a7 against the terminus a, while the free end of the base section a' is shown at a8.

It will be seen from the above description, in connection with the illustration, that the several base convolutions a, a. and a2 join in continuous interlocking relation to form a pluralityof continuous convolutions when assembled, and that when the sections are removed, each section presents Aits circumferential base convolution free from interference with the other base. convolutions, as shown in Fig. 3, for the formation or application of the cutting means the side-faces a9 thereof. as well as al, thus making it possible to carryv into effect an important object of my invention, already stated, which is to permit the ready formation of cutting-membrs or means upon the side-faces of the convolutions of a hob, this formation being practically impossible inexisting forms if hobs Where the base convolutions are formed continuously upon an eX- tended hub. y

The sectional structure of` the hob above described is of particular advantage, be-

cause it permits the application to a helical structure of spaced insert-teeth or cuttingbits such as those forming the subject of my co-pending application Serial No. 597,636, to which reference may be had for amore detailed description of their structure and capabilities.

These spaced cutting-bits may be of any suitable material and structure, and one suitable form of structure is shown in the drawings.

The particular form illustrated will be explained briefly hereinafter, and to rece-ivev these cutting-bits, the base convolutions a, a and a2 are respectively provided above the hub with sides -configurated t'o seat one or more series of sidesfare cutting-bits; the series on each side being concentric and having the cutting-bits arranged inthe peculiar manner shown on the drawings and set forth iiil detail hereinafter.

In the form illustrated, the respective base convolutions are .conical in transverse section and lare provided with a plurality of series 'of vrecesses 9 to receive the several cutting-bits B, one series upon the periphery 0L.10 and the remaining seriesupcn the side-faces a respectively.

'Eachof the cutting-buts upon the periphery Bis ofthe-peculiar form shown by the several drawings butl more distinctly by Figs. 4 and 5 thereof. These cutting-bits have a base or 'Seat-fl ing-portion 4 -elongated somewhat in the shape of a truncated right-angled trianglevit for cooperation with a wedge-block C utilized for locking the cutting-bit posi-v tively in place. Theiportions of the respective base convolutions a, a and a2 that receive the cutting-bit are recessed (as indicated by 9 in Fig. l) to provide in each instance an appropriate seat for the part main-body A.

just described Dand especially to provide a forward substantial shoulder indicated by l against which the forward edge 7 of the base of the cutting-bit is .forcibly ma.inv ltained. Each recess 9 in the base portion which receives the base 4 of the cutting-bit f B is also provided with an aperture 11 extendingcross-wise to the `cutting-pla iie` of the cutting-edge (as shown best by Fig; 5)

and the base portion 4 of each cutting-bit is likewise provided with an integrally projecting'pin 12 which is adapted to snugly- (and in fact tightly) seat within thecylindrical recess aforesaid. Each cutting-bit is forced down until the under side of its fbase 4 rests firmly on the floor of the recess andV its forward edge 7 presses firmly against the shoulder 10 of the said recess. U

This vrelation is ensured and-.in ,gintained by the wedge-block C which maybe either substantially square in contour, as shown'by F ig. 3, or may be of any suitable contour, as for example the segmental contour shown in the preferred form of the invention depicted i application Serial Number $7,636. The wedge-block C provides a flat side 13 which is bevelled conversely to the rear edge 8 of the base of the cutting-bit; this formation lserving the three-feld purpose o f Holding the cutting-bit firmly -(1st against -retreat under the cutting pressures, (2nd) against turning ortwisting in its mounting n and (3rd) against risingout of its socket under the pull of the cutting forces.

The wedge-block C has a backing against a sotraight or circular shoulder 15 (as the case may. be) provided by an auxiliary socket 14 recessed into the main body of the cutter. This wedge-block C is likewise Acentralized by a tubular extension 16 which enters a corresponding hole 17 in the To assistI in forcing the. wedge-block- C into its socket-and to holdl it there, a screw F is threaded intona holeL 18 in the mainbody and hasahead which counterslink.

by Figs. 6, 8. and 9 in my aforesaid into the exposed face of the wedge-block, as

shown; this screw preferably havin 'a square recess in its head to be enga by a-wrench.

The cutting-edges 20 of the inserted teeth are located at the extreme edges of tapered extensions 21 which are integral with the base-portions of the cutting-bits. These-extensions are formed to flare or diverge so as to provide relatively long cutting-edges and said extensions are also formed to overhang and thereby proiide an under-side 22 which receives and directs the chips away from the blank being tooled. The cutting-bits located on. the sides of the device have their edges arranged at an' angle to a radius line so that each cutting edge will take a shearing cut and tend,

thereby, to direct the chips towards the axis of the cutter and thus function to carry said chips away from the region which is being machined in the blank or so-called Work This will be understood by referring to each of theigures of the drawings and it will, likewise, be seen that the cutting edges on the actual periphery of the cutter are arranged to slope in alternate rdirections so as not only to give a true shearing cut, but also to distribute the chips equally towards each side of the cutter.

Reverting now to Fig. 3, lit will be seen that each gouge 23 forms a curved pit leading away from the base of the tooth so that such chips as are directed alongthe under` surface 22 of the tooth-shank 21, will be received (and deflected away) by thescooplike bottom of the gouge 23. This gouge is relatively shallow but is made ample in dii ameter so as topro'videthe sible for the escape of the chips.

The peripheral teeth are also combined j with gouges indicated by 24; each of these gouges sloping inthe same direction as the cutting-edge of its peripheral tooth andisaid peripheral gouges being adapted to receive tlie'chips and direct them. towardsthe 'side of the cutter, as will.. be understood.- z- The proportions and formations of the .peripheral gouges are shown ings.

It will thus be seen` that this invention' provides avcemposite cutter characterized by great strength and providing a large nurn-- ber of cutting-edges arranged in a peripheral series lcombined 'with concentric side`- series to .ensure progressive cutting action; the cutters of each series being adapted t0 cooperate with .those of the 'next-.adjacent 'l 'i i easiest way posclearly bythe draw- 1 izo limited 1to the nature or location of the cut?l v ting teeth 'but covers thebroad idea of ,a

cutter-base formed1of a, pluralityof inter-1 changeable sections of'helcoidal forma soA y laxv ` will so fully reveal the gist constructed that they may be readily joined together with the terminus of one helicoid abutting the terminus of the next helicoid so that the whole forms one continuous helicoidal cutter of any desired length.

lVithout further analysis` the foregoing of this invention that otherscan, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various utilizations by retaining one or more Aof the'essential characteristics of either the generic ork specific aspects of this invention, and, therefore. such adaptations should be, and are intended to be, comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalency of the following claims.

Having thus revealed this invention, Iy

claim as new and -desire to secure the tolloiving combinations and elements, or equivalents thereof, by Letters Patent of the United States:

` 1. 'A rotary metal-cutten of helicoidal form comprising a plurality of interchangeable helicoidal sections and means to connect said sections co-axially to constitute a unitary operating structure.

2. A rotary metal-cutter of helicoidal form comprising a able helicoidal sections and means toA connect said sectionsin interlocking relation co-axially to constitute a unitary operating structure.

3. A rotary metal-cutter ofI helicoidal form comprising a plurality ofinterchangeable helicoidal sections assembled co-axially and each embodying a cutting member opererating `as portion of a relation toform a plurality -of operating convolutions.

6. A rotary 4- met'al-cutter of helicoidalform comprising a pluralityor` interchangeable helicoidal sections assembled 'co-axially and each embodying a plurality of cutting members constructed and arranged to .operate as portion of a convolution.

. 7. Ax rotary metal-cutter of helicoidal form comprising a plurality of interchangeable helicoidal sections assembled'co-axially and each embodying a ,plurality of "cutting membersrconst-ructed and arranged to operi and means a unitary operatate-as portion of a convolution, to connect said sections portion of a convolution,

plurality of interchange` ing structure with said convolutions in substantially continuous relation `to Jr'orm a plurality of operating. convolutions.

8. A rotary metal-cutter of helicalorm comprising a plurality ot interchangeable helical sections assembled co-'axially andv each embodying a'plurality of cutting mem bers constructed and arranged to operate as neet said sections in a unitary operating structure with said convolutions'in substantially continuous relation to form a plurality of operating convolutions.

9. rotary metal-cutter of helicoidal form comprising a plurality ot interchangeable helicoidal sections assembled as a unitary structure and each constitutin substantially a complete y 10. A rotaryv metal-cutter of the insertedtooth type comprising a helicoidal base andv -`a 'series of spaced cutting-bits arranged on a side-face of said base. 11.. ,Ao rotary metal-cutter of the inserted tooth type comprising a helicoidal base, and a plurality of i series of spaced .cutting-bits' arranged on the side-faces of said base.

and means to con` helicoidal convo ution.

12. A rotary metal-cutter of the insertedtooth type comprising a plurality of series of spaced vcutting-bits, one of said series being arranged on the periphery otsaid base and the remaining series lgeing arranged on the side-faces off-said ase. v

13. A rotary metal-cutter of the insertedtooth type, comprising a plurality of helicoidal sections assembled co-axially in a unitary structureJ and-each embodying a base constituting part of a convolution with a series of spaced cutting-bits arrangedon a side-face of said base.

a helicoidal base and 14. A rotary metal-cutter of the insertedtooth type, comprislng a plurality of helicoidal sections assembled in a unitary' structure and each embodying a ase constituting part oa convolution with a series ot spaced cutting-bits arranged on a side-face of said base, and'means to connect said sections in a unitary operating structure with said convolutions in substantially continuous relation. to form a plurality'v of operating convolutions.

15. A sectional element for rotary metalcutters of the type set forth in claim 1, said elementcomprising a base constituting-part of a h licoidal convolution vand provide with. cutting devices.

- 16. A sectional ele-ment Jfor rotarymetalcutters of the type set forth in claim 1, said element comprising a basecoristituting part of a helicoidal convolution and provided with spaced' inserted cutting-bits.'

17. A sectional element for rotaryV metal cutters of thetype setv forthin'claim 1, said element compri ing 4a ibase constituting substantially a complete helicoidal oonvolutiongg :so: d

and having a plurality of series of spaced cutting-bits, one of said series being arranged on the periphery of said base and the remaining series being arranged on the sidefaces of said base.

18. A rotary metal-cutter of the inserted-l tooth type comprising a plurality of sections each embodyin a hub with a circumferential base constltuting substantially a complete convolution, means to secure said sections together co-axially with said base convolutions in continuous relation to form a plurality of convolutions, and a plurality of series of spaced cutting-bits, one of said series being arranged on the periphery of said base and the remaining series being arranged on the side-faces of said base.

19. A rotary metal-cutter of the insertedtooth type comprising a plurality of helicoidal sections each embodying a hub with a circumferential base constituting substantially a complete helicoidal convolution, means to secure said sections together with said base convolutions in continuous helicoidal relation to form a plurality of helicoidal convolutions, .and a pluralityof series of spaced cutting-bits, one of said series being arranged on the periphery of said base, and the remaining series being arranged on the side-faces of said base.

20. A rotary-metal-cutter having a series of spaced cutting-members, and a corresponding series of clearance pits for'the cuttings from said members, said pits being situated in proximity to the leading ends of said cutting-members respectively.

21. A rotary metal-'cutter having a circumferential base, a plurality of series of spaced cutting members, one of said'series being arran ed upon the periphery of said base, and t e remaining serles being arranged upon the side-faces of said-base, and clearance gouges for the cuttings from said members respectively, said clearance gougesA taking the form of pits in proximit to the leading ends of sa1d cutting mem ers on said side-faces, and of elongated channels in proximity to said peripheral series.

22. A rotary metal-cutter having a circumferential base, a plurality of series of spaced cutting members, one-of said lseries being arranged upon the periphery of said base, and the remaining series being arl ranged upon the side-faces of said base, and clearance gouges for the cuttings from said 4members respectively, said clearance gouges,

23. A rotary metal-cutterinthe nature-fof` a hob, comprising a plurality of interchangeable sections and means to connect said sections co-axially in a unitary operatl ing structure.

24. A rotary metal-cutter in the nature `of a hob comprising a plurality of helicoidal sections and means to connect said sections co-axially in a unitary structure operable as such.

25,.` cutter-base comprising a plurality of interchangeable sections each provided With a helicoidal tooth-supporting flange, and means to connect said sections together with the helicoidal flanges in continuous relation to4 form a unitary structure.

26.l A cutter-base comprising a plurality of interchangeable sections each provided with a helicoidal tooth-supportin tooth-seats formed on each of sai flan es, and means to connect said sections toget er with the terminus of one flange abutting the terminus of an adjacent flange to. form a continuous helicoidal cutter-base. In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name,l as attested 4by the two subscribingwitnesses.

GEORGE w. coNKLIN.'

Witnesses:

OLE SEvERsoN, FnANoEs J. Nnv'ms.

flange; 

